State-of-the-art stellarator optimization code
This tutorial explains how to preform a fixed boundary optimization where boundary coefficients are varied to achieve target parameters. There are currently three ways of preforming such an optimization: VMEC boundary coefficients, Hirshman-Breslau coefficients, and Garabedian coefficients. In the first representation the RBC's and ZBS's are each independently varied by STELLOPT. In the Hirshman-Breslau and Garabedian representations the VMEC coefficients in the INDATA namelist are converted to a new representation and these coefficients are optimized.
More information about the boundary representations can be found in STELLOPT Boundary Representations.
The LBOUND_OPT(N,M) logical array controls the ability to directly vary
the VMEC RBC/ZBS arrays. If LASYM=F is set in the VMEC INDATA namelist,
an RBC and ZBS coefficient for the given mode pair in LBOUND_OPT(N,M)
is loaded into the parameters to be varied.
Thus if LBOUND_OPT(-1,1) =T is set in OPTIMUM the RBC(-1,1) and ZBS(-1,1) parameters are varied.
If LASYM=T in the VMEC INDATA namelist, the RBS and ZBC coefficients are
included as well for that set of mode numbers. It is important to note
that such a representation is not unique so the other representations
are suggested instead.
The LRHO_OPT(N,M) logical array controls the ability to utilize the
Hirshman-Breslau representation of the VMEC boundary. This
representation utilizes a rho coordinate to define the boundary. Thus
for every LRHO_OPT set to true, only one variable is loaded if LASYM=F
in the VMEC INDATA namelist. In order to transform to this
representation the code must first take the VMEC boundary definition and
convert is to Hirshman-Breslau. This is done by the code if any
LRHO_OPT is set. STELLOPT will output a conversion accuracy message to
the screen when this is done. The resulting spectrum in RHO will have
one less poloidal mode than VMEC. Once the RHO(N,M) array is calculated,
the modes are loaded into the optimization vector. The major radius is
stored in the RHO(0,0) array element so if one wishes this variable to
be varied LRHO_OPT(0,0)=T should be set. This representation does not
treat the m=0 modes so if the user wishes STELLOPT to vary the m=0 modes
the LBOUND_OPT(N,0) modes should be set to true (ignoring the N=0
mode). Setting any of these modes to false is equivalent to setting
LFIX_NTOR(N) in the older version of STELLOPT to true. A DRHO_OPT(N,M)
may also be set to control the associated auxiliary variable (see LMDIF
options).
In the following example an MPOL=5, NTOR = 2 equilibrium is loaded into
STELLOPT using the Hirshman-Breslau representation
&INDATA
.....
MPOL = 5
NTOR = 2
RBC( 0, 0) = 1.00 ZBS( 0, 0) = 0.00
RBC( 1, 0) = 0.01 ZBS( 1, 0) = 0.01
RBC( 2, 0) = 0.01 ZBS( 2, 0) = 0.01
RBC(-2, 1) = 0.01 ZBS(-2, 1) = 0.01
RBC(-1, 1) = 0.01 ZBS(-1, 1) = 0.01
RBC( 0, 1) = 0.50 ZBS( 0, 1) = 0.50
RBC( 1, 1) = 0.01 ZBS( 1, 1) = 0.01
RBC( 2, 1) = 0.01 ZBS( 2, 1) = 0.01
RBC(-2, 2) = 0.01 ZBS(-2, 2) = 0.01
RBC(-1, 2) = 0.01 ZBS(-1, 2) = 0.01
RBC( 0, 2) = 0.05 ZBS( 0, 2) = 0.05
RBC( 1, 2) = 0.01 ZBS( 1, 2) = 0.01
RBC( 2, 2) = 0.01 ZBS( 2, 2) = 0.01
RBC(-2, 3) = 0.01 ZBS(-2, 3) = 0.01
RBC(-1, 3) = 0.01 ZBS(-1, 3) = 0.01
RBC( 0, 3) = 0.02 ZBS( 0, 3) = 0.02
RBC( 1, 3) = 0.01 ZBS( 1, 3) = 0.01
RBC( 2, 3) = 0.01 ZBS( 2, 3) = 0.01
RBC(-2, 4) = 0.01 ZBS(-2, 4) = 0.01
RBC(-1, 4) = 0.01 ZBS(-1, 4) = 0.01
RBC( 0, 4) = 0.02 ZBS( 0, 4) = 0.02
RBC( 1, 4) = 0.01 ZBS( 1, 4) = 0.01
RBC( 2, 4) = 0.01 ZBS( 2, 4) = 0.01
/
&OPTIMUM
...
LRHO_OPT( 0:2, 0) = 3*T
LRHO_OPT(-2:2, 1) = 5*T
LRHO_OPT(-2:2, 2) = 5*T
LRHO_OPT(-2:2, 3) = 5*T
LBOUND_OPT(1:2, 0) = 2*T
...
/
&END
For optimizer choices requiring minimum and maximum bounds on each
variable, the BOUND_MIN(N,M) and BOUND_MAX(N,M) arrays will control
extent lower and upper bounds for each variable. The default behavior in
the old version of STELLOPT was to set BOUND_MIN(N,M) = RHO(N,M) * 0.3
and BOUND_MAX(N,M) = 2.0 * RHO(N,M) with a check to make sure that
BOUND_MAX(M,N) > BOUND_MIN(N,M) (if not true, the value were
flipped).
The LDELTAMN_OPT(N,M) logical array controls the ability to utilize the
Garabedian representation of the VMEC boundary. This representation
utilizes a rho coordinate to define the boundary. Thus for every
LDELTAMN_OPT set to true, only one variable is loaded if LASYM=F in the
VMEC INDATA namelist. In order to transform to this representation the
code must first take the VMEC boundary definition and convert it to that
of Garabedian. This is done by the code if any LDELTAMN_OPT is set.
STELLOPT will output a conversion accuracy message to the screen when
this is done. The resulting spectrum in RHO will have one less poloidal
mode than VMEC. Once the RHO(N,M) array is calculated, the modes are
loaded into the optimization vector. The major radius is stored in the
RHO(0,0) array element so if one wishes this variable to be varied
LDELTAMN_OPT(0,0)=T should be set. A DDELTAMN_OPT(N,M) may also be set
to control the associated auxiliary variable (see LMDIF options).
In the following example a MPOL=4, NTOR = 2 equilibrium is loaded into
STELLOPT using the Garabedian representation
&INDATA
.....
MPOL = 4
NTOR = 2
RBC( 0, 0) = 1.00 ZBS( 0, 0) = 0.00
RBC( 1, 0) = 0.01 ZBS( 1, 0) = 0.01
RBC( 2, 0) = 0.01 ZBS( 2, 0) = 0.01
RBC(-2, 1) = 0.01 ZBS(-2, 1) = 0.01
RBC(-1, 1) = 0.01 ZBS(-1, 1) = 0.01
RBC( 0, 1) = 0.50 ZBS( 0, 1) = 0.50
RBC( 1, 1) = 0.01 ZBS( 1, 1) = 0.01
RBC( 2, 1) = 0.01 ZBS( 2, 1) = 0.01
RBC(-2, 2) = 0.01 ZBS(-2, 2) = 0.01
RBC(-1, 2) = 0.01 ZBS(-1, 2) = 0.01
RBC( 0, 2) = 0.05 ZBS( 0, 2) = 0.05
RBC( 1, 2) = 0.01 ZBS( 1, 2) = 0.01
RBC( 2, 2) = 0.01 ZBS( 2, 2) = 0.01
RBC(-2, 3) = 0.01 ZBS(-2, 3) = 0.01
RBC(-1, 3) = 0.01 ZBS(-1, 3) = 0.01
RBC( 0, 3) = 0.02 ZBS( 0, 3) = 0.02
RBC( 1, 3) = 0.01 ZBS( 1, 3) = 0.01
RBC( 2, 3) = 0.01 ZBS( 2, 3) = 0.01
/
&OPTIMUM
...
LDELTAMN_OPT(-2:2, -4) = 5*T
LDELTAMN_OPT(-2:2, -3) = 5*T
LDELTAMN_OPT(-2:2, -2) = 5*T
LDELTAMN_OPT(-2:2, -1) = 5*T
LDELTAMN_OPT(-2:2, 0) = 5*T
LDELTAMN_OPT(-2:2, 1) = 5*T
LDELTAMN_OPT(-2:2, 2) = 5*T
LDELTAMN_OPT(-2:2, 3) = 5*T
LDELTAMN_OPT(-2:2, 4) = 5*T
...
/
&END